When it comes to upgrading or installing a plumbing system, one of the most popular materials on the market is PEX tubing. Cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) pipes are favored for their flexibility, ease of installation, and durability. However, with various pipe types, sizes, and configurations available, shopping for the right PEX tubing can feel overwhelming for first-time buyers or even seasoned professionals. In this article, we’ll guide you on how to shop for PEX tubing, taking into account the different types of PEX pipes and how to choose the right size for your plumbing system.
What Is PEX Tubing?
PEX tubing is a flexible plastic pipe made from polyethylene polymer that is cross-linked to improve its strength and resistance to heat, chemicals, and stress. PEX pipes are commonly used for both residential and commercial plumbing, including hot and cold water systems. Their flexibility makes them easy to install, and they do not require as many fittings as traditional piping materials like copper or PVC.
While PEX tubing is an excellent choice for most plumbing systems, it’s important to know the differences between various types and sizes to ensure a proper fit for your home or building. Let’s explore how to shop for PEX tubing based on these factors.
Types of PEX Tubing
PEX tubing comes in several types, each with its unique characteristics. Understanding the differences between them will help you choose the right type for your project.
1. PEX-A (Peroxide Cross-Linking)
PEX-A is produced through a process called peroxide cross-linking, which involves exposing the polyethylene resin to peroxide and heat. This process makes PEX-A the most flexible and durable of all PEX types. It is ideal for situations where the tubing needs to bend and maneuver around corners with ease. PEX-A pipes are also resistant to freezing and cracking, which makes them particularly suited for areas with extreme temperature fluctuations.
Advantages of PEX-A:
- Highest level of flexibility.
- Best resistance to freezing and bursting.
- Can be installed with fewer fittings, reducing the potential for leaks.
Ideal for: Residential plumbing systems, radiant heating systems, and areas prone to freezing temperatures.
2. PEX-B (Silane Cross-Linking)
PEX-B is made through a silane cross-linking process. This method involves using a silane compound and moisture to link the polyethylene molecules. Although PEX-B is less flexible than PEX-A, it still offers excellent durability and resistance to heat and pressure. PEX-B is often less expensive than PEX-A, making it a popular choice for large projects where flexibility is not as crucial.
Advantages of PEX-B:
- Lower cost compared to PEX-A.
- Still resistant to high pressure and temperature.
- Easy to install but may require more fittings.
Ideal for: Larger plumbing projects, including commercial installations, and areas where flexibility is not a top priority.
3. PEX-C (Electronically Irradiated Cross-Linking)
PEX-C is made through a process where polyethylene is exposed to electron beams to create the cross-linking. PEX-C is the least flexible of the three types of PEX but still maintains many of the same benefits, such as resistance to heat, pressure, and chemicals. It is commonly used in situations where extreme flexibility is not needed.
Advantages of PEX-C:
- More rigid than PEX-A and PEX-B.
- Highly resistant to heat and pressure.
- Cost-effective for standard applications.
Ideal for: Basic residential plumbing and commercial applications where high flexibility is not required.
PEX Pipe Sizes
Choosing the right size PEX tubing is crucial to ensure your plumbing system operates efficiently. PEX pipes come in a variety of diameters, which can affect water flow rates, pressure, and the overall performance of the system. The most common sizes of PEX pipes are 3/8 inch, 1/2 inch, 3/4 inch, and 1 inch, but other sizes may be available as well.
1. 3/8 Inch PEX Tubing
This smaller size of PEX tubing is typically used for specialized applications, such as small runs of water supply lines or for areas where space is limited. It’s not commonly used for entire plumbing systems but may be employed for specific tasks like supplying water to faucets, ice makers, or small appliances.
Ideal for: Appliance connections, small water supply lines.
2. 1/2 Inch PEX Tubing
1/2 inch PEX tubing is the most common size for residential plumbing systems. It is widely used for supplying water to fixtures like sinks, showers, and toilets. The 1/2 inch size provides an ideal balance between water flow and pressure, making it a great choice for most home plumbing applications.
Ideal for: Most residential plumbing installations, including bathrooms, kitchens, and small appliance connections.
3. 3/4 Inch PEX Tubing
3/4 inch PEX tubing is typically used for larger water distribution systems. It provides a higher flow rate than 1/2 inch tubing and is often used for supplying water to larger appliances or multiple fixtures in one area, such as a laundry room or kitchen.
Ideal for: Larger plumbing systems or when multiple fixtures are supplied by a single water line.
4. 1 Inch PEX Tubing
1 inch PEX tubing is typically used for main water supply lines or systems that require a high flow rate. This size is commonly used for large homes or commercial buildings with multiple bathrooms and appliances requiring a high volume of water.
Ideal for: Main water lines in larger residential homes or commercial plumbing systems.
How to Choose the Right Size PEX Tubing
Selecting the correct size for your PEX tubing depends on several factors, including the number of fixtures you need to supply, the pressure required, and the length of the tubing. Here are some tips for choosing the right size:
- Calculate your water demand: If you’re replacing an existing pipe, check the size of the current piping. For new installations, estimate the water flow required for each fixture (sinks, showers, etc.) and choose the size accordingly.
- Consider the length of the pipe run: The longer the pipe, the greater the resistance to water flow. For longer runs, you may need a larger diameter pipe to ensure adequate pressure and flow.
- Think about pressure and flow requirements: If your home has multiple bathrooms or high-demand fixtures, larger pipes (like 3/4 or 1 inch) will be needed to prevent low water pressure.
PEX Tubing and Fittings
In addition to PEX tubing, you will also need the appropriate fittings to connect sections of pipe together. The most common types of PEX fittings include crimp, clamp, and push-fit fittings.
- Crimp fittings: These fittings are installed with a crimping tool and are the most common method for connecting PEX tubing. They form a secure, leak-free connection when properly installed.
- Clamp fittings: Similar to crimp fittings but with a different style of connection, clamp fittings require a special tool to tighten the clamp securely around the tubing.
- Push-fit fittings: These fittings allow for quick installation without the need for tools, making them a popular choice for DIY plumbing projects.
Installation Tips for PEX Tubing
- Use a proper crimp tool: For crimp and clamp fittings, ensure that you are using the correct crimping or clamping tool to avoid leaks.
- Install with flexibility in mind: PEX is flexible, so avoid installing it too rigidly or using too many fittings. This can lead to leaks and other issues.
- Keep PEX out of direct sunlight: PEX tubing can degrade when exposed to UV radiation, so ensure that it is not left exposed in areas where it can be exposed to sunlight for extended periods.
Conclusion
When shopping for PEX tubing, it’s essential to understand the different types and sizes of pipes available to ensure that your plumbing system meets the specific requirements of your home or building. By choosing the right type of PEX, determining the appropriate size, and using the right fittings, you can enjoy a reliable, durable, and efficient plumbing system that meets your needs for years to come.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
1. What is the best type of PEX for residential plumbing?
PEX-A is often considered the best option for residential plumbing due to its flexibility, durability, and resistance to freezing.
2. How do I choose the right size PEX tubing?
Choose the right size based on your water demand, the length of pipe runs, and the flow and pressure requirements. Typically, 1/2 inch PEX is ideal for most residential applications.
3. Can I use PEX tubing for both hot and cold water?
Yes, PEX tubing is suitable for both hot and cold water lines, with different colors often used to indicate hot (red) or cold (blue) water.
4. Can I install PEX tubing myself?
Yes, PEX tubing is relatively easy to install with basic tools, making it a great choice for DIY projects. However, it’s essential to follow installation instructions and use the correct fittings.
5. Is PEX tubing durable?
Yes, PEX tubing is highly durable, resistant to corrosion, and can withstand temperature fluctuations, making it a long-lasting solution for plumbing systems.
