PEX (cross-linked polyethylene) piping systems have become a go-to choice for plumbing and heating installations in both residential and commercial applications. With their flexibility, ease of installation, and cost-efficiency, PEX systems offer a convenient alternative to traditional metal piping. However, the success of a PEX system relies heavily on the quality of the connections. This is where PEX press fitting connection systems come into play. In this article, we’ll dive into what PEX press fitting connection systems are, how they work, the different types available, and why they’re a crucial part of any PEX plumbing system.
What Are PEX Press Fitting Connection Systems?
A PEX press fitting connection system is a method used to join PEX tubing to fittings, ensuring leak-free connections. These systems are typically used in both water and gas plumbing applications. Press fitting systems work by using specialized tools that clamp or press the fitting onto the PEX pipe, creating a secure seal. The fittings themselves can be made from brass, copper, or other materials, and they come in a variety of shapes and sizes to accommodate different plumbing setups.
Unlike traditional crimping methods, press fittings use a mechanical tool (such as a press or clamp tool) to make a tight connection without the need for soldering or gluing. This method is gaining popularity due to its speed, ease of installation, and reliable performance.
Types of PEX Press Fitting Systems
There are several types of PEX press fitting connection systems available, each with its own features and applications. Let’s break down the different types.
1. Standard PEX Press Fittings
These are the most commonly used press fittings in PEX plumbing systems. They are available in a variety of sizes to match different PEX pipe diameters, ranging from 3/8 inch to 2 inches. The press fittings themselves are usually made of brass or stainless steel, with a rubber or EPDM (ethylene propylene diene monomer) O-ring that creates a leak-proof seal. Standard press fittings are versatile, reliable, and work well in both residential and commercial settings.
Advantages:
- Wide range of sizes for various applications.
- Quick and easy installation.
- No need for heat or soldering.
- Provides a permanent, leak-free connection.
Disadvantages:
- Requires specialized press tools.
- Can be more expensive than crimp fittings.
2. PEX A Press Fittings (Expanding System)
PEX A press fittings, often referred to as the expanding system, utilize a different mechanism compared to traditional press fittings. In this system, the PEX pipe is expanded with a specialized tool, and then the fitting is inserted into the pipe. Once the pipe returns to its original size, it tightly grips the fitting, creating a secure, long-lasting connection.
This system is commonly used in applications where flexibility is essential, and it can be used with a variety of PEX pipe types, especially PEX-A (cross-linked polyethylene type A). The expanding system is known for its high performance and long-term durability.
Advantages:
- High-performance connection.
- Flexible and works well in tight spaces.
- Ideal for areas with temperature fluctuations.
- Leak-free and resistant to corrosion.
Disadvantages:
- Requires more expensive tools and equipment.
- More complex installation process.
3. Push-fit PEX Fittings
Push-fit PEX fittings are another type of press fitting system, and they offer an even simpler method of installation compared to traditional press fitting systems. With push-fit fittings, there is no need for tools. The PEX tubing is simply pushed onto the fitting, where a series of internal teeth grip the pipe and create a secure seal.
These fittings are often used in DIY plumbing projects and small-scale installations, as they do not require specialized tools or expertise. However, for larger and more complex projects, push-fit fittings may not be the best choice due to their limited range and application.
Advantages:
- Extremely easy to install.
- No specialized tools required.
- Ideal for DIY and small projects.
Disadvantages:
- Limited size range.
- Not suitable for heavy-duty or commercial use.
- May not offer the same long-term durability as other systems.
4. Viega ProPress PEX Fittings
Viega is a well-known brand in the PEX fitting industry, and their ProPress PEX system is widely regarded as one of the best available. The Viega ProPress system uses a pressing tool that compresses a stainless steel sleeve around the PEX tubing, creating a tight, secure connection. The system is known for its speed and efficiency, and it is widely used by professionals in both commercial and residential plumbing applications.
Advantages:
- Fast, reliable, and durable.
- Perfect for larger installations.
- Highly resistant to leakage and corrosion.
- Suitable for both potable water and heating systems.
Disadvantages:
- Requires specialized, often costly, pressing tools.
- Installation can be more complex for DIYers.
5. SharkBite PEX Fittings
SharkBite offers another well-regarded push-fit system that is designed for ease of use. These fittings can be used with all types of PEX pipe (PEX-A, PEX-B, and PEX-C), and they can be installed without the need for any tools or soldering. SharkBite fittings are designed to be reusable, making them ideal for temporary setups or situations where modifications might be necessary in the future.
Advantages:
- Tool-free installation.
- Can be reused and reinstalled.
- Works with all types of PEX pipes.
- Ideal for quick repairs.
Disadvantages:
- May not offer the same long-term durability as press fittings.
- Can be more expensive than traditional crimp fittings.
How to Install a PEX Press Fitting System
Installing a PEX press fitting connection system is relatively straightforward, but it requires the right tools and careful attention to detail. Below are the general steps involved in installing a PEX press fitting system:
- Prepare the PEX Tubing: Begin by cutting the PEX tubing to the required length. Ensure the cuts are clean and square to ensure a proper fit with the press fittings.
- Insert the Fitting: Insert the PEX tubing into the press fitting. Make sure the tubing is fully seated inside the fitting to avoid any gaps or misalignment.
- Press the Fitting: Using a press tool, compress the fitting around the PEX tubing. For systems that use an expanding tool, the tool will expand the pipe before inserting the fitting.
- Check for Leaks: Once all the fittings are pressed, test the system by turning on the water supply to ensure there are no leaks.
- Secure the System: Once you’ve confirmed the system is working properly, secure any exposed pipes with clamps or brackets as necessary.
Why Choose PEX Press Fitting Connection Systems?
PEX press fitting connection systems offer several advantages over traditional methods, such as crimping or soldering. Here are some of the key benefits:
- Speed of Installation: Press fittings can be installed quickly, reducing the time needed for a plumbing installation or repair.
- No Need for Heat: Unlike soldering, which requires a heat source, press fittings are installed cold, making them safer and more convenient.
- Leak-Free Connections: PEX press fittings are designed to create a tight, permanent seal, significantly reducing the chances of leaks in your plumbing system.
- Flexibility: PEX systems, combined with press fittings, offer a flexible and durable solution for a wide range of plumbing needs, including underfloor heating, potable water systems, and even gas lines.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
- What is the difference between PEX crimp fittings and press fittings? PEX crimp fittings use a metal ring to compress and secure the connection, while press fittings use a specialized tool to compress a sleeve around the tubing for a more reliable seal.
- Can I use PEX press fittings for outdoor plumbing? Yes, PEX press fittings can be used for outdoor plumbing, but it’s essential to ensure that the PEX tubing is UV-resistant and protected from exposure to sunlight.
- Do I need special tools for installing PEX press fittings? Yes, you will need a press tool to compress the fittings. The tool varies depending on the type of press fitting system you’re using (e.g., Viega, SharkBite, or standard PEX press fittings).
- Are PEX press fittings more expensive than traditional methods? PEX press fittings can be more expensive initially due to the cost of the specialized tools, but they save time and labor in the long run, making them more cost-effective for large or professional plumbing projects.
- Can I reuse PEX press fittings? Most PEX press fittings are not designed to be reused, but some systems, like SharkBite, offer reusable push-fit fittings. Always follow the manufacturer’s guidelines to ensure the fitting’s integrity is maintained.
Conclusion
PEX press fitting connection systems are an excellent choice for those looking to install a reliable, durable, and efficient plumbing system. With a variety of fitting options available, including standard, expanding, push-fit, and professional-grade systems, there is a solution for every project. Whether you’re a DIY enthusiast or a professional plumber, understanding the different types of PEX press fitting systems and how to install them will help you create secure and long-lasting plumbing systems.
